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enalapril

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Brand names: Vasotec

ACE Inhibitor Rx

Enalapril (Vasotec) is a medicine that lowers blood pressure and helps treat heart failure. It belongs to a class of drugs called ACE inhibitors.

Drug Pricing (NADAC)

Generic Price

$1.33/unit

Generic Available

Yes (15 manufacturers)

Pricing data from NADAC (CMS), effective December 18, 2024. Compare all drug costs →

What it does

Enalapril is used to treat high blood pressure.

Common side effects

Headache, Dizziness, Fatigue

Key warnings

This drug can harm your unborn baby.

How It Works

Enalapril blocks a substance in your body that tightens blood vessels. This helps your blood vessels relax and widens them. As a result, blood pressure is lowered, and blood can flow more easily.

How to Take It

If you take water pills, your doctor might have you stop them for 2-3 days before starting enalapril. The usual starting dose is 5 mg once a day if you don't take water pills. Your doctor will adjust your dose based on how your blood pressure responds. The usual dose is 10 mg to 40 mg per day, taken as one dose or two divided doses.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

Do not take enalapril if you are pregnant because it can cause harm or death to the developing fetus. Talk to your doctor about safe alternatives if you are breastfeeding.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.

Storage

Store at room temperature (68° to 77°F). Keep the container tightly closed and protect from moisture.

Side Effects (from patient reports)

Based on 23,317 FDA adverse event reports.

Diarrhea
2,806
Difficulty breathing
2,659
Feeling sick to your stomach
2,571
Medicine not working
2,548
Tiredness
2,374
Medicine interfering with another medicine
2,337
Feeling lightheaded
2,214
Sudden kidney damage
2,007
Throwing up
1,984
Head pain
1,817

FDA Adverse Event Report Analysis

Detailed analysis of 54,355 reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports span 2002–2025.

Total Reports

54,355

Death-Related Reports

5,908

Hospitalization Reports

26,280

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Gender Distribution

Female 25,808 (50%)
Male 25,591 (50%)

Age Distribution

0–17 1,988
18–44 2,840
45–64 13,057
65–74 10,921
75+ 11,899

Most Reported Adverse Reactions (FAERS)

# Reaction Reports
1 DIARRHOEA 2,807
2 DYSPNOEA 2,659
3 NAUSEA 2,574
4 DRUG INEFFECTIVE 2,548
5 FATIGUE 2,377
6 DRUG INTERACTION 2,336
7 DIZZINESS 2,213
8 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 2,007
9 VOMITING 1,988
10 HEADACHE 1,819
11 PAIN 1,805
12 ASTHENIA 1,755
13 HYPERTENSION 1,695
14 OFF LABEL USE 1,695
15 MALAISE 1,673

Reactions in Death Reports

DEATH 1,101
PNEUMONIA 414
RENAL FAILURE 383
CARDIAC ARREST 331
DIARRHOEA 305
DYSPNOEA 305
CARDIAC FAILURE 285
RESPIRATORY FAILURE 284
SEPSIS 278
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 265

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

DYSPNOEA 1,558
DIARRHOEA 1,504
DRUG INTERACTION 1,469
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 1,335
VOMITING 1,290
NAUSEA 1,225
PNEUMONIA 1,189
HYPOTENSION 1,181
PYREXIA 1,087
ANAEMIA 1,037

Source: FDA FAERS (Adverse Event Reporting System) FDA FAERS (Adverse Event Reporting System) Reports are voluntary and do not establish causation

Serious Warnings

This drug can harm your unborn baby. Stop taking enalapril as soon as you know you are pregnant.

Known Drug Interactions

Dual Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) Dual blockade of the RAS with angiotensin receptor blockers, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren is associated with increased risks of hypotension, hyperkalemia, and changes in renal function (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy. Do not coadminister aliskiren with enalapril maleate in patients with diabetes. Avoid use of aliskiren with enalapril maleate in patients with renal impairment (GFR <60 mL/min).

Mechanism: Both drugs work on the same system to lower blood pressure, which can lead to dangerously low blood pressure or kidney damage.

What to do: Avoid taking these together if you have diabetes or kidney disease, as it can be harmful.

Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone, triamterene, or amiloride), potassium supplements, or potassium-containing salt substitutes may lead to significant increases in serum potassium.

Mechanism: Both of these medications can cause your body to hold onto potassium instead of flushing it out. This can lead to dangerously high levels of potassium in your blood.

What to do: Your doctor will need to check your blood potassium levels frequently to ensure they stay in a safe range.

Other Cardiovascular Agents Enalapril maleate has been used concomitantly with beta adrenergic-blocking agents, methyldopa, nitrates, calcium-blocking agents, hydralazine, prazosin and digoxin without evidence of clinically significant adverse interactions.

Mechanism: These two blood pressure medicines work in different ways to relax your blood vessels and have not been shown to cause harmful interactions when used together.

What to do: These drugs are generally safe to take together, but you should still watch for signs of very low blood pressure like dizziness.

minor lithium

Lithium Lithium toxicity has been reported in patients receiving lithium concomitantly with drugs which cause elimination of sodium, including ACE inhibitors. A few cases of lithium toxicity have been reported in patients receiving concomitant enalapril maleate and lithium and were reversible upon discontinuation of both drugs. It is recommended that serum lithium levels be monitored frequently if enalapril is administered concomitantly with lithium.

Mechanism: Enalapril can cause your body to lose sodium, which makes it harder for your kidneys to get rid of lithium. This can cause lithium to build up to toxic levels in your blood.

What to do: Your doctor should check your lithium blood levels often to prevent them from getting too high.

Other Cardiovascular Agents Enalapril maleate has been used concomitantly with beta adrenergic-blocking agents, methyldopa, nitrates, calcium-blocking agents, hydralazine, prazosin and digoxin without evidence of clinically significant adverse interactions.

Mechanism: Both drugs are used to lower blood pressure, but studies show they do not cause harmful interactions when taken together.

What to do: You can take these medications together, but your doctor will likely monitor your blood pressure to ensure it stays in a healthy range.

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Common Questions

Can I take enalapril with other medications?
Enalapril can interact with other medications. Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
What should I do if I feel dizzy after taking enalapril?
Dizziness is a common side effect. Stand up slowly from a sitting or lying position to avoid feeling dizzy.
Can I drink alcohol while taking enalapril?
Alcohol can lower your blood pressure and may increase the risk of side effects. Talk to your doctor about drinking alcohol while taking enalapril.
How long does it take for enalapril to start working?
Enalapril starts working within a few hours, but it may take several weeks to see the full effect on your blood pressure.
Can I stop taking enalapril if I feel better?
Do not stop taking enalapril without talking to your doctor. Stopping suddenly can cause your blood pressure to increase.
Does enalapril affect my kidneys?
Enalapril can affect kidney function, especially if you have kidney problems. Your doctor will monitor your kidney function while you are taking this medicine.
Can enalapril cause a cough?
Yes, a dry cough is a common side effect of enalapril. Talk to your doctor if you develop a persistent cough.
Are there any foods I should avoid while taking enalapril?
Avoid using salt substitutes that contain potassium, as enalapril can increase potassium levels in your blood.
What if I have swelling in my face, tongue, or throat?
This could be a sign of a serious allergic reaction called angioedema. Get medical help right away.
Can I take enalapril if I have diabetes?
If you have diabetes, do not take enalapril with aliskiren, another blood pressure medicine.
What are the common side effects of enalapril?
The most commonly reported side effects of enalapril include Headache, Dizziness, Fatigue, Cough. Based on 23,317 FDA adverse event reports. Always consult your healthcare provider about potential side effects.
Does enalapril interact with other medications?
Yes, enalapril has 16 known drug interactions. Notable interactions include aliskiren, spironolactone, hydralazine. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.
What drug class is enalapril?
enalapril belongs to the ACE Inhibitor drug class. It requires a prescription (Rx). Enalapril is used to treat high blood pressure.
Is enalapril safe during pregnancy?
Do not take enalapril if you are pregnant because it can cause harm or death to the developing fetus. Talk to your doctor about safe alternatives if you are breastfeeding. Always consult your healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Has enalapril been recalled?
There are 3 recalls associated with enalapril products. CGMP Deviations. Check the recalls section below for full details and affected products.

Active Recalls

Class II March 16, 2022

CGMP Deviations

Golden State Medical Supply Inc.

Class II March 16, 2022

CGMP Deviations

Golden State Medical Supply Inc.

Class II March 16, 2022

CGMP Deviations

Golden State Medical Supply Inc.

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What the FDA Data Shows for enalapril

The FDA label for enalapril (sold under brand names such as Vasotec) classifies it as a prescription-only medication in the ACE Inhibitor class. Enalapril is used to treat high blood pressure. Official labeling lists 4 commonly reported side effects, including Headache, Dizziness, Fatigue.

Post-market surveillance from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) captures real-world experience. For this drug, FAERS contains 23,317 voluntary reports. The database also lists 16 documented drug interactions derived from FDA labeling, with the top-flagged interaction rated major severity. NADAC pricing from CMS shows a generic unit cost of $1.33.

Report counts do not establish causation — a FAERS entry documents a temporal association, not proof that the drug produced the outcome. Widely prescribed medications naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies, so raw totals must be interpreted alongside total exposure. Shortage status, recall history (currently 3 recall records on file), and patent information further shape supply and switching decisions. This page summarizes public FDA data for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice — always consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.

Data Sources

Drug labeling: FDA Drug Labels (SPL/DailyMed). Adverse events: FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Pricing: CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC).

FAERS reports are voluntary and do not establish causation. Drug interactions are derived from FDA labeling and clinical references. Always consult a healthcare professional before making medication decisions.

Last updated: October 9, 2023

All federal data sources used on this page