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Drug side effects

zolpidem Side Effects

The reactions most often reported to the FDA for zolpidem (also sold as Ambien), with demographics, serious outcomes, and reporting trends.

Data updated 2026-05-15

131,653
FAERS reports

Data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), 2001 to 2025. A FAERS report records a temporal association, not proof of cause. See our methodology for how figures are compiled and de-duplicated.

The most commonly reported side effects of zolpidem come from 131,653 reports to the FDA, broken down here by frequency, patient demographics, and serious outcomes.

This page analyzes 131,653 reports to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for zolpidem (Ambien): the reactions reported most often, who reported them, serious outcomes such as hospitalization, and year-over-year trends. A FAERS report does not prove the drug caused the effect, and report volume tracks how widely a drug is used, not how likely an effect is for any one person. Educational information, not medical advice.

Total Reports

131,653

Reports Mentioning Death

15,695

11.9% of reports — not proof the medicine caused the death

Hospitalizations

45,304

34.4% of reports

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Most Reported Adverse Reactions

NAUSEA
8,384
FATIGUE
8,143
PAIN
6,377
INSOMNIA
6,249
HEADACHE
6,222
DIARRHOEA
5,861
FALL
5,524
ANXIETY
5,428
DIZZINESS
5,197
DYSPNOEA
5,192
VOMITING
4,863
DEPRESSION
4,473
ASTHENIA
4,434
COMPLETED SUICIDE
4,172
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS
3,922
MALAISE
3,724
SOMNOLENCE
3,669
ARTHRALGIA
3,524

Who Reports Side Effects

Gender Distribution

Female 79,105 (64%)
Male 44,659 (36%)
Unknown 301

Age Distribution

0-17 1,037 (1%)
18-44 18,193 (21%)
45-64 37,070 (42%)
65-74 17,513 (20%)
75+ 13,463 (15%)

Reporting Trend by Year

2001 2025

Reactions in Death Reports

Top reactions reported in 15,695 reports where death was an outcome. These are voluntarily reported and do not establish causation.

Reaction Reports
COMPLETED SUICIDE 4,160
DEATH 3,317
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 2,416
CARDIAC ARREST 992
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ARREST 947
PNEUMONIA 747
RESPIRATORY ARREST 640
DRUG ABUSE 636
DYSPNOEA 600
OVERDOSE 572
NAUSEA 545
RENAL FAILURE 510
ASTHENIA 472
HYPOTENSION 463
FATIGUE 457
VOMITING 452
FALL 441
RESPIRATORY FAILURE 441
ANAEMIA 438
SEPSIS 429

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

Top reactions in 45,304 reports where hospitalization was an outcome.

Reaction Reports
FALL 3,386
NAUSEA 3,243
PNEUMONIA 2,785
DYSPNOEA 2,702
VOMITING 2,611
PAIN 2,578
FATIGUE 2,506
DIARRHOEA 2,415
ANXIETY 2,334
ASTHENIA 2,278
PYREXIA 2,075
HEADACHE 1,924
DIZZINESS 1,894
DEPRESSION 1,885
HYPOTENSION 1,877
CONFUSIONAL STATE 1,842
ANAEMIA 1,735
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 1,613
INSOMNIA 1,604
MALAISE 1,595

Compare zolpidem vs eszopiclone →

What the FAERS Data Reveals About zolpidem Side Effects

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains 131,653 voluntary reports linked to zolpidem and its brand equivalents (Ambien), spanning 2001 through 2025. Of those, 15,695 (11.9%) listed death as an outcome and 45,304 (34.4%) involved hospitalization. The most common indication reported alongside adverse events was Product Used For Unknown Indication.

Demographic breakdowns help contextualize who is being exposed to the drug. Of reports with known sex, 64% were female and 36% male; age distribution skews toward 45-64, with 37,070 reports in that bracket. The single most reported reaction is nausea with 8,384 submissions, followed by fatigue and pain.

How to read these numbers

FAERS is a signal-detection tool, not a scorecard. Reports are voluntary, and a single case may list multiple suspect drugs, so numbers above should not be read as incidence rates or per-patient risk. Widely prescribed drugs naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies even when individual risk is low. These aggregates are useful for spotting patterns that merit further pharmacovigilance, not for choosing between medications. This page is for educational reference only and is not medical advice, speak with a licensed clinician about any side-effect concerns.