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Drug side effects

buprenorphine Side Effects

The reactions most often reported to the FDA for buprenorphine (also sold as Subutex, Sublocade), with demographics, serious outcomes, and reporting trends.

Data updated 2026-05-15

90,121
FAERS reports

Data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), 2004 to 2025. A FAERS report records a temporal association, not proof of cause. See our methodology for how figures are compiled and de-duplicated.

The most commonly reported side effects of buprenorphine come from 90,121 reports to the FDA, broken down here by frequency, patient demographics, and serious outcomes.

This page analyzes 90,121 reports to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for buprenorphine (Subutex): the reactions reported most often, who reported them, serious outcomes such as hospitalization, and year-over-year trends. A FAERS report does not prove the drug caused the effect, and report volume tracks how widely a drug is used, not how likely an effect is for any one person. Educational information, not medical advice.

Total Reports

90,121

Reports Mentioning Death

25,836

28.7% of reports — not proof the medicine caused the death

Hospitalizations

10,461

11.6% of reports

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Most Reported Adverse Reactions

DEATH
13,278
DRUG DEPENDENCE
12,452
OVERDOSE
10,911
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS
10,722
PAIN
8,157
DRUG WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
6,860
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
5,436
NAUSEA
4,411
DRUG ABUSE
3,622
PRODUCT ADHESION ISSUE
3,292
APPLICATION SITE RASH
3,042
INADEQUATE ANALGESIA
3,028
DIZZINESS
2,578
RASH
2,501
APPLICATION SITE PRURITUS
2,341
VOMITING
2,308
HEADACHE
2,285
FATIGUE
1,837

Who Reports Side Effects

Gender Distribution

Female 35,467 (56%)
Male 27,246 (43%)
Unknown 191

Age Distribution

0-17 472 (2%)
18-44 9,031 (42%)
45-64 6,943 (32%)
65-74 2,313 (11%)
75+ 2,795 (13%)

Reporting Trend by Year

2004 2025

Reactions in Death Reports

Top reactions reported in 25,836 reports where death was an outcome. These are voluntarily reported and do not establish causation.

Reaction Reports
DEATH 13,268
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 8,899
OVERDOSE 6,404
DRUG ABUSE 1,762
DRUG DEPENDENCE 1,610
ACCIDENTAL OVERDOSE 791
ARTHRALGIA 772
ASTHENIA 759
DIZZINESS 708
PAIN 694
ABDOMINAL PAIN UPPER 686
FATIGUE 682
CONFUSIONAL STATE 679
VOMITING 668
GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION 660
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 640
PEMPHIGUS 635
PSORIATIC ARTHROPATHY 631
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS 628

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

Top reactions in 10,461 reports where hospitalization was an outcome.

Reaction Reports
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 1,763
DRUG ABUSE 1,069
PAIN 978
CONFUSIONAL STATE 907
OVERDOSE 861
DRUG DEPENDENCE 833
NAUSEA 825
VOMITING 824
FATIGUE 769
CONDITION AGGRAVATED 738
GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION 721
DYSPNOEA 700
ASTHENIA 689
FALL 674
DIZZINESS 671
HEADACHE 659
ARTHRALGIA 649
MATERNAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY 640

Compare buprenorphine vs acamprosate →

What the FAERS Data Reveals About buprenorphine Side Effects

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains 90,121 voluntary reports linked to buprenorphine and its brand equivalents (Subutex, Sublocade), spanning 2004 through 2025. Of those, 25,836 (28.7%) listed death as an outcome and 10,461 (11.6%) involved hospitalization. The most common indication reported alongside adverse events was Product Used For Unknown Indication.

Demographic breakdowns help contextualize who is being exposed to the drug. Of reports with known sex, 56% were female and 43% male; age distribution skews toward 18-44, with 9,031 reports in that bracket. The single most reported reaction is death with 13,278 submissions, followed by drug dependence and overdose.

How to read these numbers

FAERS is a signal-detection tool, not a scorecard. Reports are voluntary, and a single case may list multiple suspect drugs, so numbers above should not be read as incidence rates or per-patient risk. Widely prescribed drugs naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies even when individual risk is low. These aggregates are useful for spotting patterns that merit further pharmacovigilance, not for choosing between medications. This page is for educational reference only and is not medical advice, speak with a licensed clinician about any side-effect concerns.