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potassium citrate

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Brand names: Urocit-K

Urinary Alkalinizer Rx

Potassium citrate is a medicine that helps manage kidney problems. It can help prevent kidney stones and balance the acid levels in your urine.

What it does

This medicine is used to manage renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with calcium stones.

Common side effects

Abdominal discomfort, Vomiting, Diarrhea

Key warnings

This medicine can cause high potassium levels in your blood, which can be dangerous.

How It Works

Potassium citrate works by increasing the amount of citrate in your urine. This makes your urine less acidic. Less acidic urine helps prevent kidney stones from forming.

How to Take It

Take this medicine with meals or within 30 minutes after eating or having a bedtime snack. Your doctor will tell you how much to take, depending on how much citrate is in your urine. You may take it two or three times a day. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully and try to drink at least two liters (about 8 glasses) of fluids daily.

Pregnancy & Breastfeeding

It is not known if this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is also not known if this medicine passes into breast milk, so talk to your doctor if you are breastfeeding.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.

Storage

Store at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.

Side Effects (from patient reports)

Based on 2,864 FDA adverse event reports.

Medication not working
425
Tiredness
346
Feeling sick to your stomach
319
Loose, watery stools
310
Discomfort
300
Kidney stones
270
Using the medicine for a different purpose
244
Feeling lightheaded
228
Difficulty breathing
220
Pain in your head
202

FDA Adverse Event Report Analysis

Detailed analysis of 5,207 reports from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). Reports span 2004–2025.

Total Reports

5,207

Death-Related Reports

298

Hospitalization Reports

1,643

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Gender Distribution

Female 2,452 (51%)
Male 2,347 (49%)

Age Distribution

0–17 161
18–44 502
45–64 1,160
65–74 987
75+ 708

Most Reported Adverse Reactions (FAERS)

# Reaction Reports
1 DRUG INEFFECTIVE 425
2 FATIGUE 346
3 NAUSEA 320
4 DIARRHOEA 310
5 PAIN 300
6 NEPHROLITHIASIS 270
7 OFF LABEL USE 245
8 DIZZINESS 228
9 DYSPNOEA 220
10 HEADACHE 202
11 FALL 198
12 VOMITING 174
13 PNEUMONIA 152
14 ASTHENIA 149
15 ARTHRALGIA 142

Reactions in Death Reports

DEATH 122
OFF LABEL USE 19
PNEUMONIA 15
ANAEMIA 14
STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME 13
FATIGUE 12
ORAL DISORDER 12
RESPIRATORY FAILURE 12
THROMBOCYTOPENIA 12
BLISTER 11

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

FALL 138
NEPHROLITHIASIS 130
PNEUMONIA 130
PAIN 122
DYSPNOEA 112
NAUSEA 103
FATIGUE 91
GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION 89
DIARRHOEA 88
ANAEMIA 87

Source: FDA FAERS (Adverse Event Reporting System) FDA FAERS (Adverse Event Reporting System) Reports are voluntary and do not establish causation

Serious Warnings

This medicine can cause high potassium levels in your blood, which can be dangerous. You should not take this medicine if you have kidney failure, uncontrolled diabetes, or other conditions that make it hard for your body to get rid of potassium. If you have severe vomiting, stomach pain, or bleeding, stop taking this medicine and contact your doctor immediately.

Known Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS The following drug interactions may occur with potassium citrate: Potassium-sparing diuretics: concomitant administration should be avoided since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia (7.1) Drugs that slow gastrointestinal transit time: These agents (such as anticholinergics) can be expected to increase the gastrointestinal irritation produced by potassium salts (7.2) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors: Monitor for hyperkalemia (7.3) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) monitor for hyperkalemia (7.4) 7.1 Potential ...

Mechanism: Both of these medications cause the body to hold onto potassium, which can lead to dangerously high levels in the blood.

What to do: You should generally avoid taking these two medications together to prevent serious side effects.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS The following drug interactions may occur with potassium citrate: Potassium-sparing diuretics: concomitant administration should be avoided since the simultaneous administration of these agents can produce severe hyperkalemia (7.1) Drugs that slow gastrointestinal transit time: These agents (such as anticholinergics) can be expected to increase the gastrointestinal irritation produced by potassium salts (7.2) Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors: Monitor for hyperkalemia (7.3) Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) monitor for hyperkalemia (7.4) 7.1 Potential ...

Mechanism: Amiloride prevents the kidneys from removing potassium, and taking it with a potassium supplement can cause levels to rise too high.

What to do: Avoid using these two drugs at the same time to prevent health risks from high potassium levels.

7.3 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), spironolactone, eplerenone, or aliskiren produce potassium retention by inhibiting aldosterone production.

Mechanism: Eplerenone changes how your body handles minerals, making it harder for your kidneys to flush out extra potassium.

What to do: Your healthcare provider may need to check your blood work often to monitor your potassium levels.

7.3 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors Drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), spironolactone, eplerenone, or aliskiren produce potassium retention by inhibiting aldosterone production.

Mechanism: Aliskiren blocks a hormone that helps the body get rid of potassium, which can lead to a buildup when combined with potassium citrate.

What to do: Talk to your doctor about monitoring your potassium levels regularly while taking this combination.

Common Questions

What should my urine pH be while taking this medication?
The goal is to increase your urine pH to a level between 6.0 and 7.0.
How often will my doctor check my blood?
Your doctor will check your blood every four months to monitor your electrolytes, kidney function, and blood counts. If you have heart or kidney disease, or acidosis, they may check it more often.
Can I take this with other medications?
Certain medications can interact with potassium citrate. Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
What if I experience stomach upset?
Taking the medicine with food or reducing the dosage may help with stomach upset.
Are there foods I should avoid?
Limit your salt intake while taking this medication.
What is the goal of taking this medication?
The goal is to restore normal citrate levels in your urine (greater than 320 mg/day and as close to 640 mg/day as possible).
What should I do if I see tablet pieces in my stool?
It is normal to see intact tablet pieces (matrices) in your stool.
Can this medication cause any serious problems?
Yes, it can cause high potassium levels in your blood, which can be dangerous. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience severe vomiting, stomach pain, or bleeding.
What if I have a urinary tract infection?
You should not take this medication if you have an active urinary tract infection.
Can I take this if I have a peptic ulcer?
No, you should not take this medication if you have a peptic ulcer.
What are the common side effects of potassium citrate?
The most commonly reported side effects of potassium citrate include Abdominal discomfort, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Loose bowel movements, Nausea. Based on 2,864 FDA adverse event reports. Always consult your healthcare provider about potential side effects.
Does potassium citrate interact with other medications?
Yes, potassium citrate has 4 known drug interactions. Notable interactions include spironolactone, amiloride, eplerenone. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.
What drug class is potassium citrate?
potassium citrate belongs to the Urinary Alkalinizer drug class. It requires a prescription (Rx). This medicine is used to manage renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with calcium stones.
Is potassium citrate safe during pregnancy?
It is not known if this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Talk to your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Always consult your healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

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What the FDA Data Shows for potassium citrate

The FDA label for potassium citrate (sold under brand names such as Urocit-K) classifies it as a prescription-only medication in the Urinary Alkalinizer class. This medicine is used to manage renal tubular acidosis (RTA) with calcium stones. Official labeling lists 5 commonly reported side effects, including Abdominal discomfort, Vomiting, Diarrhea.

Post-market surveillance from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) captures real-world experience. For this drug, FAERS contains 2,864 voluntary reports. The database also lists 4 documented drug interactions derived from FDA labeling, with the top-flagged interaction rated minor severity. Acquisition-cost data is surveyed weekly by CMS and updated as manufacturers report changes.

Report counts do not establish causation — a FAERS entry documents a temporal association, not proof that the drug produced the outcome. Widely prescribed medications naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies, so raw totals must be interpreted alongside total exposure. Shortage status, recall history, and patent information further shape supply and switching decisions. This page summarizes public FDA data for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice — always consult a licensed healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication.

Data Sources

Drug labeling: FDA Drug Labels (SPL/DailyMed). Adverse events: FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

FAERS reports are voluntary and do not establish causation. Drug interactions are derived from FDA labeling and clinical references. Always consult a healthcare professional before making medication decisions.

Last updated: December 24, 2024

All federal data sources used on this page