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Drug side effects

misoprostol Side Effects

The reactions most often reported to the FDA for misoprostol (also sold as Cytotec), with demographics, serious outcomes, and reporting trends.

Data updated 2026-05-15

9,536
FAERS reports

Data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), 2003 to 2025. A FAERS report records a temporal association, not proof of cause. See our methodology for how figures are compiled and de-duplicated.

The most commonly reported side effects of misoprostol come from 9,536 reports to the FDA, broken down here by frequency, patient demographics, and serious outcomes.

This page analyzes 9,536 reports to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for misoprostol (Cytotec): the reactions reported most often, who reported them, serious outcomes such as hospitalization, and year-over-year trends. A FAERS report does not prove the drug caused the effect, and report volume tracks how widely a drug is used, not how likely an effect is for any one person. Educational information, not medical advice.

Total Reports

9,536

Reports Mentioning Death

729

7.6% of reports — not proof the medicine caused the death

Hospitalizations

2,942

30.9% of reports

Top Indication

Abortion Induced

Most Reported Adverse Reactions

HAEMORRHAGE
1,258
ABORTION INCOMPLETE
1,160
FOETAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY
625
PAIN
537
ANAEMIA
511
PREGNANCY
448
NAUSEA
434
VOMITING
416
PYREXIA
403
MATERNAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY
397
DIZZINESS
390
MUSCLE SPASMS
352
ABDOMINAL PAIN
335
EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY
318
FATIGUE
280
MENORRHAGIA
262
DIARRHOEA
242

Who Reports Side Effects

Gender Distribution

Female 7,473 (84%)
Male 1,360 (15%)
Unknown 44

Age Distribution

0-17 440 (6%)
18-44 4,697 (67%)
45-64 971 (14%)
65-74 575 (8%)
75+ 338 (5%)

Reporting Trend by Year

2003 2025

Reactions in Death Reports

Top reactions reported in 729 reports where death was an outcome. These are voluntarily reported and do not establish causation.

Reaction Reports
DEATH 102
FOETAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY 98
INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE 52
HEART DISEASE CONGENITAL 46
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT 45
PNEUMONIA 42
PREMATURE BABY 42
SEPSIS 42
CARDIAC ARREST 39
CARDIAC SEPTAL DEFECT 38
CONGENITAL CARDIOVASCULAR ANOMALY 38
TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS PERSISTENT 38
RESPIRATORY FAILURE 36
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABY 35
FOETAL DEATH 33
DIARRHOEA 31
MATERNAL EXPOSURE DURING PREGNANCY 31
PYREXIA 31
ABORTION INDUCED 30

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

Top reactions in 2,942 reports where hospitalization was an outcome.

Reaction Reports
HAEMORRHAGE 416
ABORTION INCOMPLETE 277
ANAEMIA 269
PYREXIA 228
VOMITING 211
NAUSEA 193
PAIN 186
DIZZINESS 171
ABDOMINAL PAIN 160
FATIGUE 123
MALAISE 122
DIARRHOEA 121
PNEUMONIA 112
MENORRHAGIA 109
INFECTION 106
MUSCLE SPASMS 95
DYSPNOEA 92
PAIN IN EXTREMITY 89

Compare misoprostol vs alosetron →

What the FAERS Data Reveals About misoprostol Side Effects

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains 9,536 voluntary reports linked to misoprostol and its brand equivalents (Cytotec), spanning 2003 through 2025. Of those, 729 (7.6%) listed death as an outcome and 2,942 (30.9%) involved hospitalization. The most common indication reported alongside adverse events was Abortion Induced.

Demographic breakdowns help contextualize who is being exposed to the drug. Of reports with known sex, 84% were female and 15% male; age distribution skews toward 18-44, with 4,697 reports in that bracket. The single most reported reaction is haemorrhage with 1,258 submissions, followed by abortion incomplete and foetal exposure during pregnancy.

How to read these numbers

FAERS is a signal-detection tool, not a scorecard. Reports are voluntary, and a single case may list multiple suspect drugs, so numbers above should not be read as incidence rates or per-patient risk. Widely prescribed drugs naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies even when individual risk is low. These aggregates are useful for spotting patterns that merit further pharmacovigilance, not for choosing between medications. This page is for educational reference only and is not medical advice, speak with a licensed clinician about any side-effect concerns.

Drugs With a Similar FAERS Report Volume

Other medications with a total FDA adverse-event report count closest to misoprostol's 9,536.