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Drug side effects

hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects

The reactions most often reported to the FDA for hydrochlorothiazide (also sold as Microzide), with demographics, serious outcomes, and reporting trends.

Data updated 2026-05-15

140,497
FAERS reports

Data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), 1998 to 2025. A FAERS report records a temporal association, not proof of cause. See our methodology for how figures are compiled and de-duplicated.

The most commonly reported side effects of hydrochlorothiazide come from 140,497 reports to the FDA, broken down here by frequency, patient demographics, and serious outcomes.

This page analyzes 140,497 reports to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide): the reactions reported most often, who reported them, serious outcomes such as hospitalization, and year-over-year trends. A FAERS report does not prove the drug caused the effect, and report volume tracks how widely a drug is used, not how likely an effect is for any one person. Educational information, not medical advice.

Total Reports

140,497

Reports Mentioning Death

9,873

7.0% of reports — not proof the medicine caused the death

Hospitalizations

48,508

34.5% of reports

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Most Reported Adverse Reactions

FATIGUE
10,014
NAUSEA
9,709
DIARRHOEA
8,311
PAIN
7,663
DYSPNOEA
7,582
HEADACHE
7,515
DIZZINESS
7,308
ARTHRALGIA
6,083
ASTHENIA
5,628
FALL
5,543
VOMITING
5,513
MALAISE
5,202
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
4,828
HYPERTENSION
4,765
COUGH
4,377
PAIN IN EXTREMITY
4,357
PRURITUS
4,354
WEIGHT DECREASED
4,281

Who Reports Side Effects

Gender Distribution

Female 83,534 (64%)
Male 47,684 (36%)
Unknown 180

Age Distribution

0-17 846 (1%)
18-44 6,635 (7%)
45-64 36,305 (39%)
65-74 26,797 (28%)
75+ 23,487 (25%)

Reporting Trend by Year

1998 2025

Reactions in Death Reports

Top reactions reported in 9,873 reports where death was an outcome. These are voluntarily reported and do not establish causation.

Reaction Reports
DEATH 2,955
COMPLETED SUICIDE 1,020
DYSPNOEA 718
RENAL FAILURE 603
DIARRHOEA 597
SEPSIS 597
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 592
FATIGUE 576
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ARREST 568
ASTHENIA 545
FALL 513
PNEUMONIA 508
NAUSEA 476
VOMITING 473
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 435
CARDIAC ARREST 404
PYREXIA 404
DIZZINESS 395
DECREASED APPETITE 388
CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE 385

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

Top reactions in 48,508 reports where hospitalization was an outcome.

Reaction Reports
NAUSEA 3,745
DYSPNOEA 3,438
FALL 3,317
FATIGUE 3,124
DIARRHOEA 3,059
PAIN 2,957
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 2,941
VOMITING 2,821
ASTHENIA 2,760
PNEUMONIA 2,677
DIZZINESS 2,600
HYPOTENSION 2,458
HYPONATRAEMIA 2,352
HEADACHE 2,327
HYPERTENSION 2,178
MALAISE 2,172
PYREXIA 2,145
DEHYDRATION 1,983
WEIGHT DECREASED 1,919

Compare hydrochlorothiazide vs acebutolol →

What the FAERS Data Reveals About hydrochlorothiazide Side Effects

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains 140,497 voluntary reports linked to hydrochlorothiazide and its brand equivalents (Microzide), spanning 1998 through 2025. Of those, 9,873 (7.0%) listed death as an outcome and 48,508 (34.5%) involved hospitalization. The most common indication reported alongside adverse events was Product Used For Unknown Indication.

Demographic breakdowns help contextualize who is being exposed to the drug. Of reports with known sex, 64% were female and 36% male; age distribution skews toward 45-64, with 36,305 reports in that bracket. The single most reported reaction is fatigue with 10,014 submissions, followed by nausea and diarrhoea.

How to read these numbers

FAERS is a signal-detection tool, not a scorecard. Reports are voluntary, and a single case may list multiple suspect drugs, so numbers above should not be read as incidence rates or per-patient risk. Widely prescribed drugs naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies even when individual risk is low. These aggregates are useful for spotting patterns that merit further pharmacovigilance, not for choosing between medications. This page is for educational reference only and is not medical advice, speak with a licensed clinician about any side-effect concerns.