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Drug side effects

epinephrine Side Effects

The reactions most often reported to the FDA for epinephrine (also sold as EpiPen, Adrenalin), with demographics, serious outcomes, and reporting trends.

Data updated 2026-05-15

61,536
FAERS reports

Data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), 1999 to 2025. A FAERS report records a temporal association, not proof of cause. See our methodology for how figures are compiled and de-duplicated.

The most commonly reported side effects of epinephrine come from 61,536 reports to the FDA, broken down here by frequency, patient demographics, and serious outcomes.

This page analyzes 61,536 reports to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for epinephrine (EpiPen): the reactions reported most often, who reported them, serious outcomes such as hospitalization, and year-over-year trends. A FAERS report does not prove the drug caused the effect, and report volume tracks how widely a drug is used, not how likely an effect is for any one person. Educational information, not medical advice.

Total Reports

61,536

Reports Mentioning Death

3,931

6.4% of reports — not proof the medicine caused the death

Hospitalizations

16,914

27.5% of reports

Top Indication

Product Used For Unknown Indication

Most Reported Adverse Reactions

HEADACHE
4,161
SINUSITIS
3,917
FATIGUE
3,761
DYSPNOEA
3,215
PAIN
3,151
NAUSEA
3,135
COVID-19
2,576
PNEUMONIA
2,495
COUGH
2,114
PYREXIA
2,108
NASOPHARYNGITIS
2,089
RASH
2,018
PRURITUS
1,960
VOMITING
1,884
INAPPROPRIATE SCHEDULE OF PRODUCT ADMINISTRATION
1,863
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
1,853
MALAISE
1,834

Who Reports Side Effects

Gender Distribution

Female 35,449 (66%)
Male 17,773 (33%)
Unknown 127

Age Distribution

0-17 5,168 (16%)
18-44 8,913 (27%)
45-64 11,022 (34%)
65-74 4,915 (15%)
75+ 2,625 (8%)

Reporting Trend by Year

1999 2025

Reactions in Death Reports

Top reactions reported in 3,931 reports where death was an outcome. These are voluntarily reported and do not establish causation.

Reaction Reports
DEATH 1,225
CARDIAC ARREST 480
RENAL FAILURE 380
PAIN 361
HYPOTENSION 307
INJURY 289
PNEUMONIA 282
ANXIETY 271
UNEVALUABLE EVENT 252
FEAR 216
RESPIRATORY FAILURE 211
MULTI-ORGAN FAILURE 209
TOXICITY TO VARIOUS AGENTS 205
RENAL INJURY 199
DYSPNOEA 197
RENAL IMPAIRMENT 191
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS 190
ANHEDONIA 185

Reactions in Hospitalization Reports

Top reactions in 16,914 reports where hospitalization was an outcome.

Reaction Reports
PNEUMONIA 1,611
DYSPNOEA 1,453
FATIGUE 1,214
PAIN 1,172
HEADACHE 1,166
COVID-19 1,111
NAUSEA 1,053
SINUSITIS 1,051
FALL 1,014
HYPOTENSION 938
URINARY TRACT INFECTION 910
PYREXIA 832
VOMITING 829
INAPPROPRIATE SCHEDULE OF PRODUCT ADMINISTRATION 819
WEIGHT DECREASED 735
COUGH 725
MALAISE 712

Compare epinephrine vs adenosine →

What the FAERS Data Reveals About epinephrine Side Effects

The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) contains 61,536 voluntary reports linked to epinephrine and its brand equivalents (EpiPen, Adrenalin), spanning 1999 through 2025. Of those, 3,931 (6.4%) listed death as an outcome and 16,914 (27.5%) involved hospitalization. The most common indication reported alongside adverse events was Product Used For Unknown Indication.

Demographic breakdowns help contextualize who is being exposed to the drug. Of reports with known sex, 66% were female and 33% male; age distribution skews toward 45-64, with 11,022 reports in that bracket. The single most reported reaction is headache with 4,161 submissions, followed by sinusitis and fatigue.

How to read these numbers

FAERS is a signal-detection tool, not a scorecard. Reports are voluntary, and a single case may list multiple suspect drugs, so numbers above should not be read as incidence rates or per-patient risk. Widely prescribed drugs naturally accumulate more reports than niche therapies even when individual risk is low. These aggregates are useful for spotting patterns that merit further pharmacovigilance, not for choosing between medications. This page is for educational reference only and is not medical advice, speak with a licensed clinician about any side-effect concerns.