FDA pharmacologic class
Opioid Agonist/Antagonist
2 medicines are in FDA's class of opioid agonist/antagonists: nalbuphine and butorphanol. All 2 are listed from generic labelers (FDA NDC Directory, October 8, 2026). The lowest pharmacy cost is nalbuphine 10 mg/ml ampul at $4.32 per mL (NADAC).
Which medicines are opioid agonist/antagonist?
| Medicine | Brand names | Generic labelers (all forms) | Pharmacy cost | Boxed warning | Shortage | Recalls since 2012 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nalbuphine | none listed | 6 labelers | $4.32 per mL 10 mg/mL ampul | Yes | No current entry | 1 |
| Butorphanol | none listed | 4 labelers | $15.46 per mL 10 mg/mL spray | Yes | No current entry | 1 |
Source: FDA Established Pharmacologic Class (NDC Directory, openFDA); CMS NADAC of October 7, 2026; FDA shortages and recalls (FDA files October 8, 2026)
What do pharmacies pay?
Each medicine's most widely listed form, per unit, in the NADAC survey: what pharmacies paid, not what a patient pays; strengths differ, so compare like with like.
Source: CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC) survey, October 7, 2026: what retail pharmacies paid per unit; not a counter price